Translation

Translation is the conversion of written content from the source language into the target language, while

• preserving the original meaning, tone, and intent;

• maintaining consistency of terminology throughout;

• following all client-specific and project-specific instructions (including compliance with glossaries, style guidelines, previous translations, customer reviewer corrections, etc.

• implementing feedback from the client.

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I translate from English, Italian and French to Dutch.

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​Pricing: per word (taking into account repetitions), depending on text complexity, research requirements, instructions, format, etc.

Revision

Revision is a bilingual corrective process. The translated text is fully revised by a reviewer (myself or a reviewer contracted by me) to obtain a final translation which is accurate and suitable for its intended purpose: 

• comparison with the source file;

• checking of grammar, spelling, punctuation, terminology, mistranslations, reference documents and specific instructions.

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Pricing: hourly, depending on translation quality, text complexity, research requirements, instructions, format, etc. An estimate will be provided in advance, and the actual time spent will be reported upon delivery. If it appears that the work will take longer than expected, I will notify you as soon as possible after starting.

Proofreading

Proofreading is the final stage of a translation cycle. It focuses on the target text to guarantee fluency and readability:

• reading the translated text without comparison to the source text;

• focusing on linguistic fluency;

• checking of grammar, spelling and punctuation.

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Pricing: hourly, depending on the quality of the target text. An estimate will be provided in advance, and the actual time spent will be reported upon delivery. If it appears that the work will take longer than expected, I will notify you as soon as possible after starting.